Die casting is a process that involves melting low melting point metals and injecting them into already made mold known as die casting mold. A mold or tools come from steel fabricated for a single project using manufacturing processes such as CNC machining. Consequently, sheet metal parts fabricated by die casting have high accuracy, precision, and repeatability.
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Types of die casting machines
Following are the types of die casting machines that find usage in different circumstances –
Hot chamber die casting machine
In a hot chamber die casting method, the liquid passes through the valve into the chamber and is pressed at high speed into the mold by the piston. Here the chamber is in constant contact with the liquid metal and the casting set is placed within the melt.
In this process, the operator immerses the injection machine in the metal liquid. A gooseneck attaches the machine to a metal feed system. The die is then closed, and the piston rises to open the port, allowing liquid to fill the container.
Cold chamber die casting machine
In cold chamber die casting method, the casting equipment is placed outside the melt. The casting chamber uses channels to press the liquid into the mold. The process is best suited for alloys with a high melting point.
Here, the metal is first converted into liquid in a separate furnace. The operator then transfers the same to the casting machine and feeds it in the chamber. The machine then pushes a pressurized plunger to force the liquid into the cavity.
Low-pressure die casting
Mostly used for aluminium components, the low pressure die casting involves the mold placed vertically above the molten metal bath, and a riser tube connects them. Because of the pressure, the liquid is pulled in the mold, and the non-existence of feeders ensures high yields.
High-pressure die casting
In high-pressure die casting, the metal liquid is injected at high speed and high pressure in the mold. It results in a cast that has superior surface finish, uniform, and high precision.
Vacuum die casting (VPC)
A relatively new variation known for achieving low porosity and high strength, the vacuum die casting is similar to low-pressure die casting. Here the location of the mold and the molten metal bath is interchanged, and the chamber creates a vacuum, forcing the liquid into the cavity.
Squeeze die casting
The squeeze die casting is appropriate for liquids with low fluidity. It is mostly used for aluminium and aids in fiber replacement.
Semi-solid die casting
Also known as Thixoforming, the semi-solid die casting is useful in delivering high precision casts. It offers minimal porosity and maximum density.